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Ebook The Innovation Illusion: How So Little Is Created by So Many Working So Hard
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The Innovation Illusion: How So Little Is Created by So Many Working So Hard
Ebook The Innovation Illusion: How So Little Is Created by So Many Working So Hard
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Review
"Fredrik Erixon and Björn Weigel make a thought-provoking and refreshingly non-ideological argument that a bleak future lies ahead unless capitalism undergoes a shake-up."—Matthew Rees, Wall Street Journal"Erixon and Weigel know how to make their case seductive and entertaining. They describe the four horsemen of capitalist decline riding down innovation before it has any chance of reaching the wider world . . . liberally sprinkled with colourful examples . . . nourished with statistics. . . . The book is eloquent in laying out its thesis."—Peggy Hollinger, Financial Times"Faceless owners, risk-averse managers, globalisers and regulators are the villains of this book that challenges the idea that we are in an age of endless innovation. On the contrary, the authors point out, many innovations are more fun than fundamental."—Andrew Hill, "Best Books of 2016: Business," Financial Times"For a serious book of its kind on economics, one that attempts to bridge the divide between think-tank land and the general reader, The Innovation Illusion is unusually clear and leavened with popular culture references. The Smiths and James Joyce are both quoted. . . . This is an important book that diagnoses the extent of the economic problem and prescribes a strong dose of disruption."—Iain Martin, Times"Economic stagnation afflicts the developed world, and the puzzle of slow productivity growth is the leading economic question of our age. Erixon and Weigel have developed a profoundly original and multi-faceted explanation rooted in the dead weight of corporate bureaucracy, with its striving for short-term profits and avoidance of risk, as well as government-created regulatory complexity and policy uncertainty. The book is concise, lively, full of examples, and deeply researched from sources that span economics and management science."—Robert J. Gordon, Stanley G. Harris Professor in the Social Sciences, Northwestern University, and author of The Rise and Fall of American Growth"Innovation is the life blood of the modern economy and our economies seem to be a litre or two short. This highly accessible book argues convincingly that the problems we are having with R&D is not the 'R' part, it is the 'D' part. We are not lacking invention, we are lacking the policy and competitive environment needed to turn new science into new, economically useful product and processes. This is an important and insightful read for all those concerned by big-picture economic problems."—Richard Baldwin, President of CEPR, Founder & Editor-in-Chief of VoxEU.org, Professor of International Economics, Graduate Institute, Geneva"A very well written account of how corporate bureaucracy, rent-seeking and regulation are slowing the pace of innovation."—John Kay, Financial Times and author of Other People’s Money"Today's hidebound capitalism is throttling not just the west’s economic growth, but even the aspirations of its people. If dynamism is to be regained, argues this thought-provoking book, we must reject the rentier capitalism that masquerades as the real thing. This argument for a more dynamic market economy is not just challenging; it is also of huge importance."—Martin Wolf, Financial Times
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About the Author
Fredrik Erixon is the director and cofounder of the European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE). Björn Weigel is a business strategist and investor/entrepreneur with extensive experience in working with innovative companies and start-ups. They both live in Sweden.
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Product details
Hardcover: 312 pages
Publisher: Yale University Press (November 22, 2016)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0300217404
ISBN-13: 978-0300217407
Product Dimensions:
6.5 x 1 x 9.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.5 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.1 out of 5 stars
9 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#794,393 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
The Hayek theory is that knowledge is decentralized so the most efficient economic system is free enterprise. The Marxist theory is that a small group of experts can run an economy so the most efficient economic system is communism. The basic point of this book is that western economies are moving from the former to the latter and that is stifling innovation.The authors contend that all the hoopla about a new innovation revolution is a myth. Productivity and innovation have stalled over the last four decades. This decline has been largely due to the decline of entrepreneurship and thus the decline of free enterprise. Four factors are identified as the cause.The most important is probably government regulation. This has moved western economies towards a command and control economy. It has produced a "compliance mentality" where the main economic thrust is to satisfy government regulations. Second is what the authors call "gray capital." This means most corporations are owned by distant institutions such as pension funds, mutual funds, insurance companies, and sovereign wealth funds. In other words they are rarely owned by entrepreneurs and thus have lost their innovative spirit. They are mostly defensive in trying to protect their market share. It's capitalism without capitalists.A third factor is "managerialism" where the main function of managers is following corporate and government regulations. Their jobs consist largely of meetings and reports as opposed to innovative practices. Finally we have globalization where corporations have concentrated on growth through expanding into different geographic areas instead of innovative products or services. As a result of all this, American GDP growth has averaged 2 percent since 1973 after being 4 percent between 1950 and 1973.The obvious objection to this theory is to point to Silicon Valley. Despite the nonstop hoopla about the internet, it has not produced any significant increase in economic productivity. The various computerized products which are so popular today have done little more than affect personal entertainment. The much ballyhooed iPhone has hardly changed in ten years. Recently it was revealed that Apple is secretly slowing down the performance of old iPhones to encourage the purchase of new ones. So the purported leader of technological development is actually concentrating on planned obsolescence instead of real innovation.The authors mention the theory of Robert Gordon that technological innovation has slowed down from a peak in the 19th Century. All the main improvements in the standard of living were developed either then or later in the first half of the 20th Century. These include trains, cars, planes, indoor plumbing, electricity, heating, air conditioning, radio, and television. The increased productivity from computers and the internet have already been absorbed without having any major effect on productivity. Their effect has been incremental rather than revolutionary.The first industrial revolution based on steam power lasted form about 1760 to 1840. The second industrial revolution based on electricity is believed to have lasted from about 1870 to 1970. The authors repeat the belief that a third industrial revolution based on computerization started about 1970. But I think that there is no third industrial revolution and that it is only an extension of the second which can be called the Age of Electricity.The authors present business practices as causing the current economic stagnation with the policies mentioned above. But it could be that they are confusing cause and effect. It could be that the underlying technological slowdown is causing the new defensive business practices.
The tile is intriguing, but somewhat obscure. There was no obvious "illusion", the actual subject was the wide spread lack of innovation. The author presented several reasons for this problem, but he spent forever describing and discussing these reasons. It became frustrating and tedious. It seems the text should have been shorter and more succinct. I could not finish reading. I tried hard and hoped he would get to the "illusion", but it became too much of a "grind".The problems he discussed were interesting, but not that surprising. The only references were quotes from a number of sources, but no detail. Considering the extreme detailed and repetitive description, there should have been more detail regarding the references. It was not entirely convincing.The only companies mentioned were large existing corporations. He mentioned how old these companies were is some of the European countries. Except for a slight mention of "exceptions" nothing else was mentioned. I feel that old large companies are the last place I expect innovation. At present four of the 5 largest companies in the USA are new, very innovative, and growing extremely fast, but were not mentioned.It felt like the book discussed a limited section of industry, in exhausting detail, where one would least likely find innovation.
Fredrik Erixon and Björn Weigel relentlessly burst the myth that America and Europe are at the vanguard of an innovation revolution. The slowing economic growth experienced in the West has been a reflection of the lack of disruptive innovation since the 1970s. Western capitalism has pursued mostly incremental, uninspiring innovation.Messrs. Erixon and Weigel attribute this under-performing mutation of capitalism to four mutually-reinforcing factors:1. Gray capital;2. Corporate managerialism;3. Globalization;4. Regulations.Gray capital is best defined as rentier capitalism. Gray capital is mostly about short-termism, (higher) dividend payouts, and/or stock buybacks, not about economic renewal. Highly dispersed ownership interests, the growing financialization of the economy, and the aging of Western societies embed themselves into the structure, culture, and ambition of corporations.Firm managers have equally contributed to the gradual corrosion of capitalism. The appetite for creative destruction is too often missing in action. Instead, a custodian corporate culture often reigns. It is both defensive about the future and protective of its boundaries. Furthermore, the increasing organizational complexity of many companies too often leads to the “silo curse.†None of these characteristics is conducive to the spirit of winning.In the past 25 years, multinationals shifted strategy from contesting markets to defending their positions, partly because the fragmentation of value chain pushed companies to draw their firm boundaries closer to their ownership advantages. This mindset change does not emphasize disruptive innovation.Finally, elected politicians have embraced managerialism in the past few decades, i.e. a marked preference for market stability and innovation predictability. The deregulation of Western economies is an illusion. Precautionary regulations often compound the deleterious impact of non-precautionary regulations on innovation. These regulations address problems that may occur, not existing problems.To insufflate new life into Western capitalism, the authors have three recommendations:1. Severe the link between gray capital and corporate ownership;2. Give competition a real boost;3. Nurture a culture of dissent and eccentricity.As long as most Western pension plans are not financially stable, they will continue to drain companies of capital through (higher) dividend payouts, share buybacks, and/or short-termism. Furthermore, the usage of dual class stock structures would help reestablish and maintain entrepreneurial spirit. Ownership democracy is another illusion ripe for the culling.Boosting competition, especially in the service sector, in Western markets requires changes in national and cross-border regulations.Finally, radical innovation cannot prosper without the tolerance of the unknown and acceptance of experimentation. Reforms cannot make it happen. In contrast, encouraging a culture of dissent and eccentricity can further encourage innovators and entrepreneurs to articulate and pursue their unconventional ideas.In summary, Messrs. Erixon and Weigel clearly demonstrate that in Western economies both entrepreneurship and openness to contestability are receding and depressing the capacity of capitalism to foster and diffuse new technology. Will the Western economies be up to the task of embracing radical, big innovation for their own betterment?
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